Personal Finance Essay

Personal finance refers to the principal that is applied to the monetary decisions of an individual or a family unit. It addresses issues such as the ways in which the individuals or families obtain finance, budget, save and spend the monetary resources of a company over a given period of time while at the same time taking in account the financial risks and the future life events that are related to the businesses activities. The profits or loss of a company are derived by determining the incomes of a company and the expenses that are incurred by a company. If the incomes are more than the expenses the company generates profit for the company. If the expenses of the company are more than the incomes then the company incurs losses in the financial period of a company. Assumptions The income of Donna Terrell is estimated to be $3333 per month since it is assumed that he earns a salary that is equally distributed throughout the year. The expenses of Donna Terrell are also assumed to be evenly distributed throughout the year except in the months where Donna Terrell specified that the expenses were incurred in those months. After Sherman acquisition of his new job on June 2003 and his decision to assist Donna Terrell was a positive move since after the month of June the Donna’s business started to earn profits since in the previous months the business was incurring losses, but after June 2003 the company started to generate profits for the company, thus was in a position to run it affairs effectively (http://64. 233. 169. 104/search? q=cache:DmCJZy7zP6kJ) It is also assumed that Sherman would earn a salary that would be $1500 per the month that followed the month of June up to December 2003. In the first quarter of the year Donna business had been incurring losses from January to May 2008 since the amount of losses have been increasing rapidly since the expenses of the business were more than the incomes of the business. After Mr. Sherman decision to assist Mr. Donna in giving him financial assistance the business started to improve in its performance. The business incomes was greater than the expenses as from July to December of the Year 2003 and this contributed to the increased profits of the business as it continued with its operation until December 2003. As at December 2003 the Company had profits that were over $13000. The management of companies can run their activities if they ask for financial assistances from friends and also financial institutions since after the Mr. Sherman decision to assist Mr. Donna the performance of the company started to improve. The instances where the management of companies runs other business activities that generate revenue to a company this can contribute to the profitability of the company since the additional income increases the companies working capital that enables the company to generate as much revenue to the company hence its increased returns and finally this leads to the growth of the company. The management of companies should also plan their finances properly so as to avoid budget deficits as this can affect the performance of the company and also its reputation as this can result to reduce sales volume for a company hence in some cases due to the poor management of the companies finances the company go into liquidation that can lead to the closure of the company.

College Is Exensive Essay

With a college degree being as needed as it is, it is incredibly expensive to get one. Studies show that many high school graduates that do attend college, attend that following year bringing the colleges plenty of money. After doing some math, the numbers suggest that in general most colleges are bringing in plenty of extra money with an average 5. 3 million dollars of profit. This is something that majorly hurts students financially who are just trying to get a college degree, which will be in turn used to essentially get themselves a well-paying career so they can pay back what they spent to  get their college degree in the first place. Living in today’s society, graduating from high school is simply not enough. Many employers will no longer look for just a high school diploma when considering hiring somebody, but they instead look for a college degree. A college education is almost as necessary for today’s youth as having a place to live, especially because it’s incredibly difficult for many people to afford a home without the financial stability that comes with a job provided by a college education. Our society is extremely dependent on colleges; but, are we in some way harming ourselves by sacrificing huge portions of our annual income to these institutions? Colleges may be too expensive to call for every high school graduate in the United States attending one. In a study by the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, it was found that 66 percent, or two of every three high school graduates attend college right out of high school (â€Å"College,† 2014). We estimate that for the 2013-2014 school year there will be 3. 3 million high school graduates (â€Å"What,† n. d. ) , and we know that about. 2,178,000 or two-thirds of the graduates will go on to attend college right away. Now taking an average cost of college at about $20,000 (â€Å"What’s,† n. d. ), we find that colleges across the U. S. bring in around an estimated total of $44,425,000,000 per year. That’s 44. 4 billion dollars towards U. S. colleges every year from the students alone. When we consider that there is a rough 6,700 colleges in the U. S. , it can be reasoned that, if every college received the same amount of money, the average income per college per year would be about $6,600,000. Now consider the fact that an average college can be kept  running on around $1,300,000 (Agron, 2009) (this price varies between colleges, given a more prestigious college will use more money to pay for better teachers and academic opportunities). This means that on average, colleges gain an annual profit of around $5,300,000 per year. College is extremely expensive, and the amount of money that they seem to keep each year is far too much. We don’t just pay only for our education when we pay for college, but also to the board members most likely using the extra money brought in for comfort, providing a nicer lifestyle for themselves. While I do understand that colleges  need to bring in large amounts of money to stay in the black, I do not support the need to charge the incredibly costly amounts that they do. References Agron, J. (2009, April 1). 38th Annual Maintenance & Operations Cost Study for Colleges. Retrieved March 10, 2015, from http://asumag. com/Maintenance/university-maintenance- operations-cost-study- 200904? page=15 College Enrollment and Work Activity of 2013 High School Graduates. (2014, April 22). Retrieved March 10, 2015, from http://www. bls. gov/news. release/hsgec. nr0. htm What are the new Back to School statistics for 2014? (n. d. ). Retrieved March 10, 2015, from http://nces. ed. gov/fastfacts/display. asp? id=372 What’s the Price Tag for a College Education? (n. d. ). Retrieved March 10, 2015, from https://www. collegedata. com/cs/content/content_payarticle_tmpl. jhtml? articleId 10064.

FLOOD DAMAGE TO COMMERCIAL PROPERTIES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

FLOOD DAMAGE TO COMMERCIAL PROPERTIES - Essay Example bviously, the client is left with no choice other than relocate for some time until the water in the basement is flushed out and the necessary repairs to the damaged service infrastructure comprising the main electricity intake room, telecommunications hub and the IT server room are carried out. Firstly, it is necessary to assess the damages caused by the flood. This comprises the damages suffered by the basement interiors, electricity wiring, telecommunications hub and the IT server. Damages were also done to the ground floor although not to the extent of the one in the basement (Flood Prevention Schemes, 2005). The client is right in questioning the suitability of the current flood prevention measures because the flood prevention measures have not effectively shielded the building against the flood and the consequent damages. Obviously, the flooding in the area is a recent phenomenon because of changes in climatic conditions and global warming that is causing floods and hurricanes ubiquitously. Undoubtedly, repairs needed in the basement are extensive and it is going to involve time. The entire wiring may require to be changed and even the telecommunications hub and IT server may require replacing. Now the waters still present in the basement have to be flushed out, and the interior walls thoroughly cleansed and treated against organisms like molds (Brandt, Mary et al, 2006). Moreover, the ground floor too suffered some damages and process to remove the sewage water in the ground floor of the building must be carried out. Apparently, the floodwaters have been in the basement for quite a while now, perhaps a couple of days. Nothing could be done earlier because of the continuous inflow of floodwaters and/or due to rains (Brody, Samuel D et al, 2007). The client has questioned the suitability of the current flood prevention measures in the building and surrounding area and has asked for outline proposals that would improve the current provision. As mentioned

Business organisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business organisation - Essay Example As such a firm’s response to market changes is structured by its form of capitalism, which has its own features like particular management structure, systems, culture, and legal governing bodies. Thus, success and failure of an enterprise depends on its investment strategy in different system structures and personnel. Accordingly, the British SMEs follow the personal form of capitalism. It is significant to verify how this personal form of capitalism has helped the British SMEs to flourish. Let’s consider some stats on British SMEs in this regard (Chandler [1990]. According to BT Business special report by Bourne (July 2007), importance of small businesses in British economy can be judged from the number of enterprises in the UK, which is 4.3 million, 99.3% of which have less than 50 employees on their roll. Small businesses generate about 10.3 million jobs in the UK, which is 46.8% of all jobs. Turnover of 36.4% UK businesses is above  £800 billion annually. Technology is a big reason according to BT Business report in the expansion in SME’s and it is an add-on to the smaller businesses tradition of collectively working by building further on personal relationships. By getting their business online, SMEs are trying to scale the ladder of progress. Some stats to consider: 60% businesses have online presence, 2% use the online medium for advertisement, 9% are listed on other websites, 8% have a totally dedicated online strategy and 21% have no web presence. About three-quarters of small businesses (74%) view the internet as an important tool in achieving their business targets in the approaching 5 years and 63% businesses assume that they can better compete with bigger players and varied markets through internet. Personal capital being the plus factor of British businesses, they work in the direction of personal relationship and winning the faith of their customers,

Bhang smoking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Bhang smoking - Essay Example Research has shown that most bhang smokers are affected by it due to the way they inhale the drug. Most of the users tend to retain much the smoke in their lungs while inhaling as a better way of using the drug. This act tends to increase the accumulation of tar which is present in the drug. This tends to cause lung cancer in shorter period than cigarettes.   Research has also shown that bhang smoking can lead to female infertility (Chein). An Australian report indicated that the use of bhang is causing harmful effects during pregnancies and may cause birth failures or miscarriages. This is a long term effect. Research has also put forward that continued use of bhang by males can tamper with the sperm functioning which leads to a negative impact. Study has also proven that this disease leads to psychosis, depression and anxiety (MD Newcomb). These are psychological problems. Sixty percent of mentally ill persons have their illness being related to drug consumption. Most of these pe rsons prefer use of bhang and drinking of alcohol. Psychiatrist then argue that the role played by alcohol in causing these diseases is quite minimal and most probably this issues are mostly related to the inhaling of marijuana. Psychotic diseases are also depicted to affect persons who started to abuse from a young age.The most affected age Group. Teenagers between the age of sixteen and twenty five are the most highly affected group by the psychotic diseases. Study has also shown that bhang smoking causes.... This is a long term effect. Research has also put forward that continued use of bhang by males can tamper with the sperm functioning which leads to a negative impact. Study has also proven that this disease leads to psychosis, depression and anxiety (MD Newcomb). These are psychological problems. Sixty percent of mentally ill persons have their illness being related to drug consumption. Most of these persons prefer use of bhang and drinking of alcohol. Psychiatrist then argue that the role played by alcohol in causing these diseases is quite minimal and most probably this issues are mostly related to the inhaling of marijuana. Psychotic diseases are also depicted to affect persons who started to abuse from a young age. The most affected age Group. Teenagers between the age of sixteen and twenty five are the most highly affected group by the psychotic diseases. Study has also shown that bhang smoking causes unipolar which is a depression disorder. The relation between bhang and depres sion is also prevalent. Statistical research has shown that the number of people affected by depression is almost equal to the people affected by psychosis. However, most of the people affected by depression do not have access to clinical facilities. The most striking attribute of this particular disorder is that the people who are not so much dependent on marijuana have a higher risk of contracting this disease. Studies have also associated many suicide cases with the use of bhang. For instance most bhang users in the United States of America have being documented to have reported most cases of attempted suicide. This data is as shown in the US National Co morbidity Survey (Crewe). This is due

To what extent can organisations minimise counterproductive or deviant Essay

To what extent can organisations minimise counterproductive or deviant behaviour - Essay Example prompt counterproductive and deviant work behaviors, discuses effects of these factors, and pinpoints diagnostic techniques as well as potential approaches for negating these behaviors. Counterproductive and deviant behaviors are employee behaviors, which violate organizational goals, rules, and policies, among other aspects of an organization. These deviant behaviors may be deliberate or unintended, and rise from a variety of underlying motivations and causes. In organizations, deviant workplace behavior is a prevalent, costly phenomenon, and includes several negative acts that employees exhibit to harm the organization and co-workers. These negative outcomes affect production, relationships, and properties. Interactions among employees or between employees and workplace environment also cause counterproductive and work deviant behaviors. In view of this, an employee is likely to exhibit counterproductive and deviant behaviors because of his/her personality or traits. Corporate envi ronment such as lax supervision and social context can also result in deviant and counterproductive behaviors. These behaviors include verbal and physical aggression, intentional improper work, absenteeism, theft, delays, and others. Organizations have the responsibility to counter these behaviors by use of appropriate strategies and techniques. Fodchuk (2007, p. 31) states that counterproductive work behaviors and organization citizenship behaviors are prompted by factors categorized into triggers, internal control, opportunity, and propensity. Triggers are external events, or perception of an individual concerning a particular event in an organization such as physical and emotional exhaustion, withdrawal behaviors, procedural justice, and supervisor abuse. Opportunities are circumstances or perceptions of situations that aid the exertion of counterproductive and work deviant behaviors by hindering desired outcomes, or rendering negative consequences relatively tolerable and less

Markerting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

Markerting - Essay Example Design/methodology/approach – The scope of the study qualitatively considered university student consumer behavior. The methodology implemented a case study and 100 questionnaires derived from the internet database (survey monkey), as well as 50 questionnaires from campus. The study implements a non-probability, self-selecting sampling technique. The qualitative methodology consisted of interviewing five university students. A semi-structured technique was used. Finding – A number of significant findings were determined. A significant number of university students owned netbook computers and they found the following things significant: battery life, price, product quality, storage memory, Bluetooth, design and elegance. The participants generally had a high knowledge of computer knowledge. They are also brand conscious. There were a few problems detected but most were anticipated in the literature review. The research investigates the university students’ perspectives on netbooks, in order to get the information about the students’ consumer trends regarding netbook products. And to determine the wants and needs university students have for netbook products. Netbook is an extremely lightweight personal computer. Intel introduced the netbook in February 2008 to describe small, low cost, light weight, and lean functioning subnotebooks designed for optimal internet use. PCWORLD (2008) towards the end 2008, netbooks had ultimately become a larger commodity than laptops. Figures estimate that nearly 30 times more netbooks were sold in (11.4 million, 70% of which were in Europe than in 2007 (400,000). For 2009 sales are expected to increase to 35 million, and an estimated 139 million in 2013. This trend is reinforced by the rise of web-based applications as well as mobile networking and, according to Wired Magazine, netbooks have changed into "super-portable laptops for professionals". PCWORLD (2008),

Professional and academic background Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Professional and academic background - Essay Example I was enrolled for leadership in teaching advanced writing class to enhance workshop learning for students. I am working as a personal tutor and as a tutor for the university-tutoring program at the University of Rochester; my courses as a tutor include Introduction to Economics, Economic Statistics, Econometrics, Calculus I & II, Theoretical Linear Algebra, Probability. This experience has improved my knowledge requirements in the interdisciplinary subjects of the course. I have thus the strong knowledge and skills for mathematics, economics and interdisciplinary subjects like econometrics, economic statistics that I deserve admission for the course. I published one article per day in a local business page in Chinese Taipei in the summer of 2005; I also attended press conferences and wrote some reports in special columns. I participated in some copy desk editing work, and helped with translating between Mandarin and English. I also made money by doing online business especially in a dvertising field for different Internet sites. In this course once in a week seminars are conducted with the people from the financial world like Wall Street etc, to know about the happenings in the financial world. My skills will be highly helpful to understand the situations. I worked for a library as a Circulation Desk Student Supervisor, Project Supervisor, Stack organizer, this is helpful to complete the assignments related to the library work fastly. Academic background I have a bachelor of science degree in mathematics, Bachelor of Arts degree in economics and minor in philosophy with the GPA of 3.93, 3.91,3.9 respectively. These are the basic requirements of the course. I have a good GPA for the subjects. I have a GRE score of 630 out of 800, which is relatively a good score to get admission. In addition to this I have done some research papers in mathematics of political modeling, on measurements of power, and fairness of voting at the University of Rochester, Rochester, NY. I have done honors senior thesis in Macroeconomic Forecasting, subtopics were Research into the mechanisms and programming techniques of modern forecasting, development and construction of a unique macroeconomic forecasting model. I have received the awards as the Deans list recipient. I am currently member of University of Rochester's Economic council and International Ambassadors Organization. My professional and academic background is such that I can surely get admission into the Advanced degree in Financial Engineering at Columbia

Charles Dickens Essay Example for Free

Charles Dickens Essay Pips childishness with his extremely lively imagination is later on in chapter 3 It was a rimy morning, and very damp. I had seen the damp lying on the outside of my little window as if some goblin had been crying there all night. And It seemed to my oppressed conscience like a phantom devoting me to the hulks. Both of these quotes show how childishly Pips imagination works. This can be compared to the opening chapter of Cider with Rosie in which Laurie Lees imagination runs away with him in a similarly childish fashion. Each blade tattooed with tiger skins of sunlight. It was knife edged, dark, and a wicked green, thick as a forest and alive with grasshoppers that chirped and chattered and leapt through the air like monkeys. These descriptive metaphors and similes are quite dark and threatening images such as some of Pips were in great expectations. Therefore both authors are showing childhood as quite a scary daunting time as well as a time when you have an active imagination. Laurie Lee has written about childhood in Cider with Rosie as he saw it because it is an autobiographical novel that describes his childhood during the war. Laurie Lee portrays his childhood and growing up with the growing up of the nation. The reason that Laurie Lee portrays this time of his life as scary and daunting is because it is also a scary and daunting time for Great Britain during the Second World War. Charles Dickens portrays childhood as a scary and hard time for his own reasons. Dickens had quite a bad childhood with his dad being in prison and himself living in the Victorian times when children were treated poorly and were worked extremely hard. Dickens wanted other people to understand the hardship that he had been through and was quite self-obsessed with his harsh childhood. He decided to tell people about this through the novels that he wrote and in the example of Great Expectations, Pip was the character that would reflect on Dickens childhood. Dickens shows Pips childhood as a time where you are extremely guilty for the things that you have done and that you are always paranoid that bad things are going to come of you because of it. Pip is almost obsessed with his guilty thoughts and fear of captivity. The theme of guilt and imprisonment often occurs in Great Expectations. These are shown in things that Pip sees and his vivid childish imagination. Part of the reason that Pip feels very guilty and that Laurie Lee does not really recall his guilt is that Pip is very much a person who has feelings and is very much a self obsessed child. Whereas Laurie Lee is more detached from his own thoughts and more interested in the world around him. This is one of the differences in the way that the two authors present childhood. Another difference in the way that the authors portray childhood is that Laurie Lee makes his childhood a beautiful childhood whereas Pips is more dark and gloomy. Lee does this in the style of his writing, which is very poetic and flowing. This is due to the fact that before Laurie Lee was a writer, he was a poet. This means that the way he portrays childhood is poetic and almost beautiful. In great expectations, however, Dickens sets gloomy scenes such as the beginning scene in the graveyard and the scenes in the marshes. Another difference is the way that guilt is portrayed along with childhood in both of the novels. Dickens shows childhood as a time when you were constantly guilty for the things you had done and the paranoia of being caught was immense. He probably had done this because as a child Dickenss father had been taken to a debtors prison because he could not afford to look after his family. This may have made Dickens feel guilty as a child and he decides to show this through Pip. A passage that shows this guilt is, It seemed to my oppressed conscience like a phantom devoting me to the hulks. This shows Pip feels guilty and is paranoid because his mind thinks that a signpost is telling him to go to prison. Laurie Lee however does not see childhood as a time of guilt but more of a carefree time where you dont have to feel guilty. A quote in chapter 3 shows this Cider with Rosie shows this, And exhaled our last guiltless days. However Laurie is not always guiltless, like pip he has a moment in the book where he felt guilty and paranoid of the consequences of his actions. This is shown in chapter 3 also, That the summons to the big room, the policemans hand on shoulder, comes almost always as a complete surprise, and for the crime that one has forgotten. Lee realises that he cannot do things such as hit people because they are of a different race. Lee is scared of the punishment that he will receive and is paranoid about when he will be found out. This is a lot like the character Pip in Great Expectations who spends his whole childhood feeling this way. This means that there is a strong link between childhood and guilt.

Plato and Mill on the relationship between individual and society Essay Example for Free

Plato and Mill on the relationship between individual and society Essay Plato was born around 428-7 BC, he lived for the most part of his life in Athens, and had much to say about Athenian democracy. Mill was born much later in London in 1806, but although over two thousand years of political philosophy divide the two, much of the same issues and concerns arise in both their work though often with very different outlooks. Despite their differing opinions Plato and Mill are both antithetical, or in other words believe that the tyranny of the majority is to be feared. Plato believes that individuals are selfish and pursue their own self-interests at the expense of the rest of the population, and follow their own moral path. The philosopher individual is epitomised by the Gadfly. The gadfly is referred to by Plato in the Apology, to describe Socrates relationship with the Athenian political scene. Socrates believed he irritated for the purpose of leading people closer to the truth to sting people and whip them into a fury, all in the service of truth. The gadfly describes a person who upsets the status quo by posing lots of questions. Plato states that while the gadfly is easy to swat, the cost to society of silencing an individual simply because of his irritancy could be extremely high. This seems to contradict some of what he has to say on his republic, as he stifles the lower class citizens in the Kallipolis, counting their opinions as obsolete in comparison to the philosophers. The gadfly is also mentioned in the Bible in the Book of Jeremiah also relating to political influence Egypt is a very fair heifer; the gadfly cometh, it cometh from the North. Plato believes that Democracy fosters the wrong kind of individual, hence the Kallipolis, which is the inverse of Democracy, designed to bring about the right way of living. In Platos view, an individual is fulfilled by the contribution that he or she makes to the overall functioning of the community, and the Kallipolis is designed to make this possible for everyone. Platos state also respects the individuality of its members and treats them equally. In Platos republic, the state limits the freedom of its individuals, but only to ensure that all the members receive the same amount of freedom. In effect, Plato believes that the repression of individual freedom results in equal freedom for the society as a whole. This is contrasted to Mill, whose view is that, excluding children, the individual is sovereign over himself, his body and his mind. Interference in an individuals beliefs or actions is wrong. Unless it is known that one is inflicting harm upon another, interference is not justified. Mill has three liberties that are the hallmark of a free society- the first is the freedom of thoughts and sentiment on all subjects, including freedom of expression and publication. The second liberty is the freedom of taste; the fact that others may disapprove of an individuals actions or beliefs, is not justified by Mill as the basis of interference, for example homosexuality. The third and final liberty necessary for a free society is the freedom of individuals to unite as long as the resulting union does not lead to others being harmed as a result. Mill forbids coercion and deception within the union, as he believes it is unjustified to have a direct negative impact on the utility of others (this does not involve doing something which someone else does not agree with). Mill encourages individualism and self-development or human flourishing as he believes that it will only benefit society, as the individuals will be able to contribute more if they reach their full potential and are allowed to develop their own ideals and opinions. Mill has concerns over the limits of which power can be legitimately exercised by society over the individual. Safeguards are necessary to ensure that the majority does not suppress the minority. Mankind would be no more justified in silencing one person, than that one person; if he had the power would be justified in silencing mankind. Plato believes that false opinions could be dangerous to society, whereas Mill would say they were necessary in order to help obtain the truth, something that we as humans so desperately strive to obtain. Plato believes that satisfying our desires is something scarcely worth caring about, whereas Mill would encourage us to do so as long as it brings utility rather than harm. Free discussion in Mills opinion will only aid us in getting closer to the truth, as who is to decide what is true if there is no proof? A combination of views, questions and opinions are better than one view or opinion that is decided to be true, and not questioned. There are always people who will disagree with something that others agree with, so who is right? Plato believes that in order to have a productive and harmonious society, conditioning or training is necessary to ensure that the members actual desires coincide as far as possible with their real desires, thus reducing conflict. Mill would argue that this is in a sense brainwashing the individuals to believe that they are happy and that they are fulfilling desires, when in fact they are only fulfilling what the Philosopher Kings have told them they desire. Plato believes in critical freedom, which the Kallipolis is intended to provide to its members as much as their nature permits, Mill however believes in actual freedom in which all is permitted but harm (The Harm Principle). Mills rejection of social contracts is accompanied with the acceptance of certain rules of conduct in our dealing with others in return for the protection we receive from society. For example, we are bound to observe and respect the rights of others and according to him As soon as any part of a persons conduct affects prejudicially the interests of others, society has jurisdiction over it. Otherwise Mill states that foolish actions do not deserve penalties, and that mature individuals should be left to develop and coagulate their own views and act on their own impulses. All society can do is help educate its members as to what is moral and immoral before they reach the state of maturity and therefore the freedom they have a right to. Platos similes are used to demonstrate the negative aspects of democracy and Athenian politicians. The simile of the cave is used to show how politicians will conceal the truth from the people (represented by the prisoners). The people are ignorant and do not possess the knowledge that they deserve. The prisoners are bound and only have a view of the wall in front of them, there is a fire behind them, between them and the wall is nothing. All that the prisoners can see are shadows of themselves, and of the objects behind them. The prisoners naively believe that the shadows are real as they have nothing else upon which to base their knowledge. One of the prisoners manages to escape from the cave, and in the light of the sun sees the real world for the first time. He realises that all this time he was deceived by shadows. This man, if according to Plato is in possession of the capacity for knowledge and wisdom will feel it is his duty to go back to the cave, release his fellow prisoners and enlighten them. The other prisoners are hard to persuade however, as his exposure to the sunlight renders him unable to see the shadows as clearly as before, and so the prisoners just think that he is less intelligent than when he was trapped. Plato justifies the Philosopher Kings lying to the people in order to protect them. Plato argues the necessity of a structured organised society separate from the outside world in which every individual reaches their maximum potential and has a fundamental part to play in contributing all they can to their community as a whole. Education is available to all members of the Kallipolis regardless of gender. Mill states in his introductory chapter to On Liberty that the struggle between liberty and authority is the most conspicuous feature. Mill developed a principle to counteract what he calls the interference of collective opinion on an individuals independence, this principle was called the Liberty principle. Mill and Plato have different styles of communicating their points, Mill expresses his ideas in the form of discursive arguments, Plato however expresses his ideas in the form of dialogue, something which Mill praises Plato for regardless of their conflicting conclusions. Platos Kallipolis, or utopia is designed as a hierarchical state consisting of three different classes, the Producers, the Auxiliaries, and the Guardians. These three different classes will have very different experiences of life, and which one they will lead depends on their capacity for knowledge. The three classes experience different upbringings, and receive different levels of education. Plato contradicts himself, he says that all people in the Kallipolis should be friends and equals yet he also unashamedly states that the Producers will not be able to choose how they wish to live their lives, and that their opinions are the least worthy. The Producers are in effect not free, but rather slaves to their senior ranking class, the Guardians. The Producers are thought to be the least intelligent mass of the population, and they are therefore expected to trust and believe their rulers. This is justified by Plato because it is better for them to be under the control of divine wisdom something that the minority of the population possess, and what makes those that do worthy to rule over all others. Platos belief is that if these less intelligent people are allowed to think freely, then they will make the wrong choices, and an individual is only worth what they contribute to their community as a whole. This means that personal desires are not as important as the overall functioning of the community, which is immaculately ruled by the Philosopher Kings who have the ability to learn and retain the knowledge leaded to rule and guide the citizens of the Kallipolis. Mills views contradict these of Platos; his liberalist view is that the individual is important in creating the desired environment within the state and is worthy of reaching their full potential in all areas. Mill considers freedoms of opinion and of actions necessary, and his Harm Principle was made to help protect other individuals from being hurt. Mill believes that individuals have a fundamental right to discover and develop their knowledge to their maximum capacity with the absence of a priori constraints. Platos view on the freedom of individual development of knowledge is that it is the despotism of custom. Mill prioritises the freedom of thought and expression; he believes that unless we push an argument to its absolute limit, then we cannot claim to fully understand it. Mill says that we must listen to everyone, even those that offend us, or those who we believe to be irrelevant. Mills justification for this is that if one person speaks out against an otherwise unanimous society about a certain topic, and they are right, then they could enlighten the mass to the truth. If they speak out and are found to be wrong, then they have simply helped the mass come closer to the truth by falsely opposing it. Platos analogy of the Beast shows how politicians will keep society happy in the short term, while not regarding what is best for them in the long term. It works on the basis of keeping the people satisfied rather than truly doing what is best for them (according to Plato). The keeper of the Beast manipulates it with what is wants at the time by giving it treats, with no regards for its health. It is made clear however that the Beast is manipulating the keeper too, by getting what it currently desires out of him. For this reason Plato says that freedom to do what one wants when ignoring the absolute truth, or the long term real effects of certain action or decision can be damaging to the inward domain of consciousness. Similarly, his analogy of the Ship of State depicts his attitude on Athenian democracy. The captain of the ship is stronger than any of the crew, but he lacks the skill of working on and handling the boat. The crew argue over who should be in control, and beg the captain to allow them to take control of the ship. Those who succeed turn the voyage into a drunken pleasure cruise. The true navigator or star-gazer is overlooked by his fellow men although he is the only one skilled enough to actually guide the ship, he possesses the art of navigation, and seamanship. He is unable to gain the control needed to steer the ship to safety. The captain represents Athenian citizens responsive only to the rhetoric of the crew, the crew represent the politicians, they are manipulative and are not concerned with the truth, but rather power. Plato says that eventually the crew will ask the navigator for help, sacrificing their freedom and control for their safety and social benefit. The navigator is capable of using his knowledge of astronomy (knowledge of Being) to help guide the ship and those on it through a world of constantly changing and sometimes-dangerous weather conditions (the world of Becoming). The crew must surrender to the navigator, as he possesses not opinions or beliefs, but facts. The crew have to recognise his superior knowledge and therefore his authority, although they would fail to do so if it did not ultimately benefit them. Mill would argue that this analogy is incomplete, for the crew are able to be taught the skill of navigation themselves and do not need to rely solely on the star-gazer, wouldnt a crew of capable navigators be better than just one? Mill would argue that it is vital for the well being of the state to be able to argue against the truth. He argues the positive value of blasphemy as it challenges assumptions that are established as being right or wrong. We can criticise Mill for assuming that all individuals are capable of being rational and having rational thoughts and discussions. Equally, Plato fails to recognise the need for questioning and testing and assumes that people will accept sacrificing their freedom because he tells them too. If the tyranny of the majority is to be feared then why would Plato put the minority in power, and deprive the majority of control over their lives and the lives of their children? Mill and Plato hold the same or similar views on the issue of gender. Plato says that all citizens of the Republic, male or female will have access to equal education, as gender is obsolete when knowledge is the main focus, although a woman could never become a Philosopher Ruler. In 1869 Mill wrote The Subjection of Women, in which he encouraged and supported equal rights for both genders. Mill encouraged the equal rights for women on the basis of utility. He argued that we could not criticise women for being less skilled than men if we did not give them equal opportunity to try. He also said that society could not be at its best when half the population could contribute nothing to society outside of the home. Plato had a number of conditions that he says will help maximise the usefulness of all members of society, the stories which children are told must be authorised, and there is the censorship of music and the restriction of meat and fish unless it is roasted. Children are to be removed from their parents and are not to know who their parents are and visa versa. They are to call all males old enough father and all females mother, the purpose of this was to minimise private possessive emotions therefore reinforcing their focus on their relationship with their community. Deformed children and children of inferior breeding will be put away in some mysterious unknown place as they ought to be. The works of Homer and Hesiod, two of the earliest Greek poets are banned, as they encourage their readers to fear death, and depict the heavens as being filled with the inextinguishable laughter of the blessed Gods. Plato on the other hand banned loud laughter. Mill would argue that this repression is an infringement of basic human rights, and the suppression of individual development and human flourishing will do nothing but hinder the development and progression of mankind. How can society benefit if most individuals are at a disadvantage as to developing their own unique skills? Plato classifies people in three groups, as gold, the best members of society fit to be guardians, as silver members fit to be soldiers, and the common herd of brass and iron, fit only to be the producers. This is what Plato describes as the one royal lie used to deceive both the rulers, and the rest of the city, if he can justify lying about Gods creation of the three differing classes of people then why is he justified in choosing which one they belong to? Breeding is organised with the strongest members of society used simply to keep the population constant and as best bred as they can be. The strongest of sires are allowed to have the most children and the weaker ones less. The fundamental difference between Mill and Plato is that while Plato wished to radically change the structure of society in order to condition and force the people to behave and think in a certain way, Mill would leave the people to develop naturally, yet offer them all the education and teaching needed to steer them away from negative things and intervene only when one is inflicting harm upon another. Mills two main criticisms of Platos republic are that the proper function of the state is to regulate behaviour, not to encourage one or anothers set of belief or values. The second is that tolerance should be restricted to cases where it does not undermine the moral foundations of the community. He would argue that social bigotry should be restrained for the sake of encouraging freedom of thought and expression. Mill endorses Grotes admiration of Athenian tolerance, as tolerance is a necessity and encourages genius as a society may have persons of talentbut genius in such a soil is fatally stunted in its growth. Plato on the other hand criticises Athenian tolerance on the basis that the maintenance of public emotions requires repression by both law and by non-legal sanctions. He held the belief that Athenian tolerance undermines civic spirit required for the furtherance of the tolerant society itself. Aristotle, a student of Platos born in 384BC stated that it is the mark of an educated mind to be able to entertain a thought without accepting it. It is interesting that somebody taught by Plato would recognise the need for the self-development of opinion, something that Mill believes to be essential for a progressive society. Mill states that his father taught him to value Plato and his contributions to philosophy, and he says that he does just that. He called himself a pioneer when he began his translations of Platos work. Perhaps this was because he believed that the time that separated the two philosophers had made way for changes albeit dramatic, to Platos ideas that would concur with the modern world. Mill criticised Plato for trying to show that virtue is in the individuals interest, but also for attempting to give justification that virtue should be preferred at all. Neither Plato nor Mills work is flawless, so criticisms can be made on their errors and self-contradictions, yet both of these men helped advance philosophy immensely, and provided the basis of much discussion and debate. For Mill, freedom is necessary and desirable by both the individual and society. For Plato however freedom is not of fundamental concern; it is far more important to live according to the eternal and immutable truths. Herein lays the biggest contrast in the works of these two influential philosophers as regards the relationship between the individual and society.

The Nature Of Kingship In Hamlet English Literature Essay

The Nature Of Kingship In Hamlet English Literature Essay You will never say that Shakespeares plays are only mundane waste of ink. The manner in which Shakespeare treats the nature of kingship in Hamlet reflects the essential tone and themes of these works. I am going to illustrate this through this paper. Shakespeares plays are always influence on people, they are fascinating and truthfully, sincere and touching. Each of his tragedies shows us pure evil or eternal love: different humans relationships that are why Shakespeares works are famous throughout the centuries. Time changes and people change with it, but main problems and questions are still the same. It can generally be said that this great author shows many-sided peoples relations and feelings, contradictory or high-minded actions. The purpose of the essay is to prove the thesis basic statement and analyze Hamlets reaction to the appearance of his fathers ghost. The paper contains such requirements as thesis, argument and content that demonstrate an awareness of complexity and co ntradiction in approach to the text; writing shows evidence of abstract, critical and careful original thought; thesis provides a strong, coherent critical argument that is developed through the course of the essay. Main question To understand the plot and context of this play Hamlet clearly we should mention the period when it was written and events, which accompanied that period. According to Atchley, Hamlet expects his audience to perceive the Ghost for what it is, a diabolical manifestation on a mission to trick Hamlet into forfeiting his soul the plays devastating/destructive conclusion supports this interpretation. In exhorting Hamlet to commit murder through an act of revenge, the Ghost plays most foully for Hamlets soul. The piteous action that the Ghost makes is directed [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] at Hamlet, to wring his emotions and drive him to distraction to make Gertrude think him mad. And it succeeds (2002, pg 12-14, 18). As far as I am concerned, Shakespeare is said not to be publisher of any of his plays and thus none of the original manuscripts has survived. However, during his lifetime eighteen unauthorized versions of his various plays were published in some editions by different publishers (in addi tion, during era of Elizabeth there were not any copyright norms or laws that could protect Shakespeares various works). Henry Fuseli depicted the Hamlet, who is under his fathers ghost control: In Hamlet, a play in no small part pervaded by abstractions and conscious role playing, we find that the kingship is shown in terms of abstractions, contradictions and the self-conscious playing of the king. Hamlet lost his father, who was killed by the king. Moreover, his mother was dishonored by the same man. Thus, for the reasons given above, Hamlets heart was full of revenge lust. After the king was unmasked, Hamlet was betrayed and send far away, nevertheless, he returned to find the truth. At the end many people died, unfortunately, Hamlet too. This story takes your breath and a part of your heart as Shakespeares works usually do. But in spite of all the things with which Hamlet professes dissatisfaction, it is said that Hamlet and heir apparent of Denmark should think about such problems in philosophical and personal terms. Because of his own carelessness he forgets about the problems of the country and the threats to its stability from within. Unfortunately, blindness and truth will never be divided without the eruption of chaos. This picture illustrates the Hamlets meeting his fathers ghost. According to Atchley, the religious atmosphere in Elizabethan England and how this may have affected Shakespeares audience are considered, particularly the differing Catholic and Protestant beliefs concerning ghosts and the supernatural. Instead of defining the true nature of ghosts for his audiences, Shakespeare incorporates within his play both Catholic and Protestant views of the Ghost and also presents a third perspective on the Ghost, one steeped in folkloric tradition (2002, pg 5-20). Hamlet thought and supposed that his father was killed by his uncle. Talking about the Hamlets reaction to the ghost that he met, I must mention that after Hamlet met his fathers ghost, his thought was to revenge. The most awful and terrifying thing for Hamlet was even not the treat of his uncle (when he killed Hamlets father), but the fact that mother married to his uncle. When Hamlet saw his fathers ghost he was worried, surprised and it evoked in Hamlet so many contradictory thoughts. The fathers ghost appeared in Act I Scenes I, IV, and V, and Act III Scene IV in the play. The ghost appeared always at night. Hamlet was really scared and terrified when he met his fathers ghost and he had doubts: is it his fathers ghost or devil. The fathers ghost told Hamlet that he was murdered by his uncle. Thus, Hamlet decided to revenge, because his fathers ghost asked him. However, Hamlet suspected his uncle in murder even before the fathers ghost appeared. Hamlet does not have any doubts. Hamlet and Goracio are the most reasonable and clever persons, whose words and thoughts are based on logical arguments and reasons. Goracio was really good and faithful friend, who helped Hamlet during all his life. In consequence, they paid for it, unfortunately. According to Atchleys words, the question becomes, once the Ghost has accomplished his goal by motivating Hamlet to commit revenge (and, hence, to loose his soul), why does it appear later in the closet scene and in its nightgown? The answer is to perform two functions: first, to prevent Hamlets convincing of Gertrude to repent; the Ghosts appearing only to Hamlet intensifies Hamlets apparent madness such that Gertrude attributes Hamlets accusations to his insanity. Her moment of grace has passed (2002, pg 16). The theme about the reaction of Hamlet on the meeting his fathers ghost is very specific. It is obvious that Hamlet was scared and worried when he met the ghost of his murdered father. He just evoked in Hamlet feeling of confidence in that his uncle was evil and bad person (who had to be punished evidently). In addition, Hamlet was definitely embarrassed in the reason of his mother and his uncle marriage. Definitely, it can be said that Hamlet is complicated and mysterious wor ld, which contains of pure love, evil and jealousy that makes people mad and obsessed. Does this play teach us something? Without any doubts, it does. It can definitely be said. This play is a mysterious world, it can be judged or understood, but never wiped off. Creations of their authors, plays include feelings, words, and dearest moments. Any way, each of us has to choose its own way, its own ending of the story and love. Conclusion According to Atchley, the counter argument is that the Ghost tells the truth surrounding the circumstances of old Hamlets death, as corroborated by Claudius private confession of guilt; but a devil is capable of telling the truth if it enables him to achieve his goal (2002, pg 5-20). Shakespeares plays touch human feelings and relationships, first, friendship and love. That is why people are looking for the answers for their questions in Shakespeares creations. That is why this man is known by each of us. That is why his works leave some trace in our minds and hearts. It can generally be said that this great author shows many-sided peoples relations and feelings, contradictory or high-minded actions. His plays are heart touching, overwhelming and breathtaking. People look for answers in his plays and sonnets, because he illustrates different relationships between us, and each of it shows how people face problems and difficult questions. Therefore, Shakespeare is a great writer who cr eated many masterpieces. He showed how cruel and liberal, evil and worrying can be our world. Moreover, I can claim that you will not be disappointed after reading his works. The entity struggle between love and betray, good and bad, life and death worries the brightest minds of humanity, including Shakespeare. Each of us eventually spends a good deal of time thinking about such problems, sooner or later our thoughts become older and more serious. Thus, we turn to great people words and works to be helped. Of course, thoughts can be different, but one fact is beyond doubts.

Research Methods Essay -- Research Analysis

Research Methods 3 Introduction E-business is an issue that has been extremely popular for the past couple of years; after introduction of the internet, many corporations were undecided on whether to use the opportunity. However, this concept has slowly been accepted and many companies are using the opportunity to expand the popularity of their brands. However, E-business has a couple of challenges that need to be tackled in order to make internet business safe and reliable. The following research proposal will look into the possible methods of investigating into the vulnerability of consumers of online products. Background information Many corporations have gone online to market and sell their products and consumers are increasingly engaging in E-business. Business has shifted from the traditional over-the-shelf method to the contemporary internet based businesses, with consumers and companies communicating and carrying out transactions online. This has however created an opportunity for hackers and other online criminals who create replicas of genuine websites by altering a single digit for hosting to be possible; these fraudsters have managed to rip off unsuspecting consumers of their money pretending to be the genuine companies. Hacking of credit card details online and taking massive cash from the consumers illegally using rogue technology, creates a question of how vulnerable the consumers are and the amount of personal information the consumers should provide to avoid this vice from taking place. Research Questions and Objectives The following research is meant to develop an understanding on the level of vulnerability of online consumers. In addition, the research is meant to rate the level of preparedness of onlin... ...easing or decreasing and statistical tools used to eliminate errors in the findings. Works Cited Arora, K. (2011). How to protect online content from theft. Retrieved from http://www.quickonlinetips.com/archives/2011/05/protect-online-content-theft/ BBC. (2010). E-crime police arrest 19 over UK online bank theft. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-11431989 Identity Theft Technology Council. (2005). Online identity theft: Phishing technology, chokepoints and countermeasures. Las Vegas, NV: Identity Theft Technology Council. Mccurry, M. (2011). Congress must combat online theft. Retrieved from http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0611/56984.html Onguardonline. (2011). Identity theft. http://www.onguardonline.gov/topics/identity-theft.aspx Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2009). Online identity theft. Washington, DC: OECD.

The Rise of Ideas and the Fall of the State Essay -- Social Revolution

Social revolutions are swift and violent transformations, carried out by the lower classes, which ultimately transform the political, social, and socioeconomic structures of the government (Skocpol, 4). Revolutions do not easily occur and are not inevitable. In fact, there must be certain variables simultaneously present in order for the current regime to collapse and be replaced by a new system. In the following paper, I will illustrate how the simultaneous presence of two variables leads to the social revolutions in France in October of 1789, Russia, in February of 1917, and China in 1949. The first variable describes how wars can cause economic strain that leads to the neglection of the military, which causes defections. The second variable is the rise of radical ideologies resulting in the creation of political parties, which mobilize the peasants. Note that the Chinese Revolution of 1949 is chosen as the social revolution because it adheres to Skocpol’s definition as a r evolution by the lower classes and results in a total transformation of the state, whereas the revolution in 1911 does not. I will also discuss why social revolutions did not occur in the negative cases of the Prussian Reform, the Japanese Meiji Restoration and Russia in 1905. There are no current theories that explain why, how, and when revolutions occur. The volcanic model states that revolutions occur when the demands of the people are not met by the state and the eventual frustration of the people will mobilize the masses, resulting in a transformation of the system (Aya, 7). This theory neglects to identify the actors and the connection between mass frustration and social change. It also fails to identify the ultimate spark that motivates people to c... ...Meiji Restoration, there was no mobilization of the lower people, and the Samurai conducted the reforms from above. In Russia, radical ideas were present in 1905 and did mobilize the peasants, however, the military was present and therefore since both variables need to occur concurrently, there was no revolution in Russia in 1905. The collapse of the army alone would not cause a revolution; neither would protests or riots alone. However, it is the combination of both the collapse of the military as well as the uprisings against the state that results in a revolution. The collapse of the forces of the state allows for the uprisings to become powerful and therefore have the opportunity to attack the state when it is at its weakest point. The two variables that I have discussed show that it takes both variables at the same time in order for a revolution to occur.

Notebook: Love and Noah

The Notebook By Nicholas Sparks Major Characters * Allison Hamilton – seventeen year old heiress, who shared an epic summer romance to Noah. * Noah Calhoun – local country boy who fell in love to a city girl, Allison. * Anne Hamilton – Allison’s mother. * Lon Hammond – Allison’s fiance. Minor Characters * Martha Saw – a war widow, Noah’s girlfriend. * Frank Calhoun – Noah’s father. * John Hamilton – Allison’s father. * Fin – Noah’s friend. * Nurse Esther – a nurse working in the nursing home. Setting of the storyIn the movie, the setting took place in a modern day nursing home and in the story of the elderly man, the setting took place in Seabrook Island, North Carolina in the summer months of year 1940. Mood of the story The movie begins with an elderly man begins to read a story to his fellow patient. His story starts with a light and romantic moments of two young lovers sharing both their epic summer romance. As the story goes, the couple face conflicts and the characters are developing various emotional themes.At the peak of the conflict, the antagonist finally ceded on letting go and decided to make the protagonist chose her path essay writer site. It is revealed that the fellow patient is her wife and is suffering from a disease essay writers world reviews. The movie ends with gloomy scene and at the same time able to show the meaning of unconditional love. Biography of the author Sparks wrote his first novel in 1985 which never got published and another one in 1989, also not published. Sparks experimented with various careers trying to fit in but didn’t succeed.After trying his luck in publishing, law school, real estate and even waiting tables, he finally co wrote a novel named ‘A Lakota Journey to Happiness and Self-Understanding’ with Billy Mills Wokini. It sold about fifty thousand copies in the first year of being published. I n 1992 he tried a business in pharmaceuticals and the next year moved to Greenville, SC. That was when he wrote his renowned novel ‘The Notebook’. This novel was to become a launch pad for Sparks. A literary agent Theresa Park discovered his novel from her agency and offered to represent him.In 1995 Sparks had one million dollars in cash for ‘The Note Book’ from the famous Time Warner Book Group. After being published in 1996, ‘The Notebook’ made the best seller list of The New York Times instantly. Following this successful novel were exceptional writings one after the other out of which six were made into film adaptations. In 1999 ‘Message in a Bottle’, in 2002 ‘ A Walk to Remember, ‘The Note Book’ in 2004, ‘Nights in Rodanthe’ in 2008, then in 2010 ‘Dear John’ and ‘The Last Song’ . Nicholas Sparks has written 16 novels till 2010.His last novel till now ‘The Safe Hav en’ was published on 14th September 2010. His books ‘The Best of Me’ and also in the list ‘The Safe Haven’ are made into films and released in 2011. Another one of his book ‘The Lucky One’ is currently being filmed and will be released some time in 2012. Currently Nicholas Spark is living with his wife and five children in North Carolina. Being a religious man and firm believer in God, Sparks constantly contributes to various charities and schools. He also promotes writers by funding different scholarships, intern programs and fellowships.Sparks also started ‘MFA’ that is a creative writing program at the university he studied in (University of Notre Dame). He donated more than ten million dollars for the building of a Christian International School. Summary At a modern-day nursing home, an elderly man, whom people call â€Å"Duke† begins to read a  romantic love story from his notebook to an elderly woman, fellow p atient. His story begins in 1940. In  Seabrook Island. North Carolina, local country boy Noah Calhoun) is smitten with a seventeen-year-old heiress named Allie Hamilton after seeing her at a arnival, and they share an idyllic summer romantic love affair. Noah takes Allie to an abandoned house, which he explains he intends to buy for them. Later that evening, she asks him to make love to her, but they are interrupted by Noah's friend Fin with the news that Allie's parents have the police out looking for her. When Allie and Noah return to her parents' mansion, they ban her from seeing Noah, whom they say is â€Å"trash, trash, trash not for you! † The two break up, and the next morning, Allie's mother announces that the family is returning home to Charleston.Noah writes a letter each day to Allie for one year, but her mother, Anne, intercepts them all and keeps them hidden from Allie for an unknown reason. As each sweetheart/lover sees there is no contact from the other, Noah and Allie have no choice but to move on with their lives; Noah and Fin enlist to fight in  World Was II and Fin is killed in battle. Allie becomes a volunteer in a hospital for wounded soldiers, where she meets an officer named Lon Hammond, Jr. , a young lawyer who is handsome, sophisticated, and charming, and comes from old Southern money.The two eventually become engaged, to the delight of Allie's parents, but Allie pictures Noah's face when Lon asks her to marry him. When Noah returns home from the war, he discovers his father has sold their home so that Noah can buy the abandoned house, fulfilling his lifelong dream to buy it for Allie, whom by now he has not seen for several years. While visiting Charleston, Noah witnesses Allie and Lon playing cards at a restaurant; he convinces himself that if he fixes up the house, Allie will come back to him. Later, Allie is startled to read in the newspaper that Noah has completed the house, and she visits him in Seabrook.In the present , it is made clear that the elderly woman is in fact Allie, who is suffering from  Dementia   and cannot remember any of the events of the film so far. Duke, the man who is reading to her is, in fact, her husband, Noah, but Allie cannot recognize him. His children on a visit to see them, tells him that he needs to accept that she can't remember anymore. Duke tells them that the more he reads to their mother, the more she'll remember and he won't give up on her. Back in the 1940s, the day after Allie arrives in Seabrook, she and Noah renew their strong romantic relationship and make love.In the morning, Anne appears on Noah's doorstep, telling Allie that Lon has come to Seabrook to take her home. She takes her out for a drive and reveals that, twenty-five years earlier, she also loved a common man. Her parents disapproved of him and after banning her from seeing him again, she married her father whom they approved of being from a rich family. Anne leaves Allie with a bundle of le tters—all of Noah's letters, revealing that she had intercepted them as an attempt to protect her from getting her heart broken and hopes that she will make the right choice.Allie and Noah have an argument with each other and she leaves. While driving upset with him, she reads the last letter that he wrote her and feels betrayed by Anne for what she did in keeping the letters away from her. Allie returns to the hotel and confesses to Lon that she has been spending time with Noah. He is angry, but says that he still deeply loves her. Allie tells him she knows she should be with him, but she remains indecisive. In the present, Duke asks Allie whom she chose. Becoming lucid, she remembers that the story Duke was reading is the story of how they first met.After reading all of the letters, young Allie appears at Noah's doorstep, having left Lon at the hotel and chosen him. Elderly Allie suddenly remembers her past; after finding out about her illness, she herself wrote their story in the notebook with instructions for Noah to â€Å"read this to me, and I'll come back to you. † But minutes later Allie relapses, losing her memories of Noah again. She panics, not understanding who he is, and has to be sedated. The elderly Noah has a heart attack, and Allie is alone for a time.However, as soon as he is sufficiently recovered, Noah (â€Å"Duke†) goes to Allie's room one evening to find her lucid again. Allie questions Noah about what will happen to them when she will not be able to remember anything anymore, and he reassures her that he will never ever leave her. She asks him if he thinks their strong and mutual romantic love for each other is strong enough to â€Å"take them away together†; he replies that he thinks their strong romance could do anything. After telling each other they love one another, Noah adds â€Å"I'll be seeing you†.The next morning, a nurse comes into Allie's room, only to find Allie and Noah dead in each otherà ¢â‚¬â„¢s arms. As the camera pans out, we see they died holding hands. Interpretation The Notebook, a novel of Nicholas Sparks, his first published novel, and was based on true story. According to him, he was inspired to write this novel by the grandparents of his wife who has been married for a long time, and he tried to express that long romantic love in his novel. In the story, the socio economic status played an important role in an individual, as in the case of Anne Hamilton, on barring Noah to Allie and describing him as a trash.Much of her attitude is revealed when she believed and told Allie, that â€Å"Status is more important than feelings and our future is dictated by what we are as opposed to what we want†. This serve as antithetical statements regarding important themes in the story. Understandably she is an antagonist. In this case she acted to keep Noah away from Allie but also succeeded for 14 years. Fate and destiny is also showed in the movie which also happ ens in the real world. The one scene in the movie effectively shows the image of long lost lovers reunited.Fate may lend a hand in Allie seeing the newspaper clipping, she chose to lie to Lon and seek out Noah. The movie also embraces the exploration of love, the author also provides complications of the messiness that makes up real world love. The kind of love depicted in the movie clearly shows that it is more than a word, it covers the actions that accompany with words. Elements of the Novel Character Analysis Noah is the main character (protagonist) of  The Notebook. In many regards, Noah is the ideal man — he is faithful, idealistic, strong, good looking, a poet, and helpful to those in need.The Noah of the main narrative is almost too good to be true. He has a strong relationship with family and friends and is respectful to both nature and authority. He seemingly has no faults. Allie wants the best of both worlds as she represents the different types of love that exis t. In essence she is the embodiment of a thematic topic. As Allie grows and matures, so does her understanding of love. Her growth symbolizes the development of real love. Lon s the stereotypical, self-obsessed individual who realizes too late that his self-absorption is going to cost him his fiancee.Lon is also the embodiment of the conflict in  The Notebook. As a character, he is the one readers know as the obstacle to Allie's love. He is a dynamic character, but his change is a little too late. Anne is the antagonist. Although she works to keep Noah and Allie apart, she cannot be considered a villain, for she is not evil. Anne represents the difficulties that many parents have when trying to steer their children to adulthood. Fourteen years later, she attempts to atone for earlier mistakes, first by preparing Allie for Lon's impending visit, then by offering her support without being pushy.She also finally gives Noah's letters to Allie, and her final words may be encouraging Al lie to follow her heart. Point of View Instead of starting at the beginning and telling the story in chronological order, Nicholas Sparks beginsThe Notebook  near the end of what would be a linear narration and then employs both the framing technique and flashback to tell his tale. The main storyline is the reunion of Noah and Allie and the conflict that they face as they must decide the path their lives will now take.This particular event only lasts three days in 1946; however, important information that shapes their reunion occurred weeks and years earlier. If you imagine a picture in a frame, the reunion is the photograph. And the opening and closing chapters of the novel are set in the present, some 49 years later. The present-day storyline frames the reunion story. Although the frame represents the present and current storyline and the picture represents the reunion, within these two main storylines are other stories, some are episodes and others are vignettes, which are told in the form of a flashback.These stories, told within the context of the other storylines, fit within both the picture and the frame. And some of these smaller stories of earlier events frame even smaller stories of other events. Each story is distinct within itself while simultaneously being an integral part of a greater whole; every individual picture is a part of a bigger picture. This framework technique provides the structure of the plot, and flashback is the technique Sparks uses to tell the stories.Characters reveal these â€Å"framed† stories through their shared and private memories. Often the reader shares a flashback with a character that is not shared with any other character. The narrator also provides information. The narrator of  The Notebook  in the opening and closing chapters is Noah. But the narrator of the middle chapters provides a limited, third-person omniscient point of view. This perspective sometimes allows the readers into the mind of a charact er — typically Noah and Allie — but sometimes does not — such as Anne and Lon.This technique is important because it allows the storyline to flow seamlessly from past to present and back again. Stylistically, the narrative techniques work well because  The Notebook  is not just a love story; the novel also explores the nature of fate and free will and the way people interact with one another. The intricacies of relationships parallel the intricacies of poetry and the framing technique enables Sparks to weave the past together with the present, leading to the emotional climax and creating a compelling read along the way.

Csp Reflection Essay

a) Identify your agency and briefly discuss the history, goals and objectives. The name of my agency is Maldon Primary School. Maldon Primary is a rural school located in the community of Maldon in the parish of St. James. It was established in January 1935 and named after a white land owner named John Maldon. The first principal was Mr. Morrison and the current principal (acting) is Mrs. Kennedy. The Ministry of Education 2008-1009 School Profile Statistics, shows an enrollment of 374 and a percentage attendance of 88%. However, current records reveal a student enrollment of 330 which includes 151 boys and 182 girls and an attendance rate of 85-90%. The total staff population is 15, consisting of 13 teachers including acting principal and the guidance counselor and 3 ancillary staff. Mission Statement- â€Å"to provide a system which secures quality education for all students within our school community and fasters the holistic development of each child.† a) Bearing the Vision 2030 goal you selected in reflection 1 in mind, identify a set of objectives you aim to fulfill in your assignment at your agency. The following are objectives I aim to fulfill at my agency: 1) To gain experience so that when I venture into the working world I will know what to expect. 2) For my community service I am teaching grade 3 therefore, my objective is to help educate the students which will contribute to the passing of the Grade 3 Diagnostic Test. b) Discuss the specific steps you will take to accomplish those objectives. To accomplish my objectives I would: 1. Make sure that I am always on time 2. Always be ready to jump at any given task. 3. Try to always be available to the students and to answer their questions as clearly as possible. 4. Use my time efficiently and effectively, not to spend more or limited time with one student, i.e. treat them fairly but if a student is slow I would help him/her to catch up with the other students

Daddy’s gunna get you!

In Drama we made up a play about a girl Jo who becomes possessed by her friends late father, we got the idea from a story that Miss Risk read out to the class, the story was like a mystery story and contained clues to why this person called Jo was found at the waste ground, the clues where little like, her posters were torn off the walls and her mirror was smashed into pieces in which her mother saw and followed to find the girl at the site, we made sure we used the clues in our play as well as other ideas that we came up with such as, my friend Charlotte came up with the idea of using a ouiga board for the possession and another friend that I worked with called Nina came up with the idea of the destroyed, haunted house were the wasteland currently is. We all came up with many ideas, some which we could not use because we found them hard to do or they became confusing to the audience, one of these ideas was that we inserted flash backs and forwards, as if the audience was seeing what the girl went through to see where she is now but we got confused doing it so we figured if we were confused and we knew what was going on in the play, we realised that an audience who had never even seen the play before would have no idea what was going on so we had to cut those scenes out. In my play I worked in a small group, which consisted only of four people, those people were: Nina Elliott Charlotte Ireland Zoe Hammett And of course myself, the parts we played were significant and individual to the actress and character in the play. Charlotte played the part of Jo's friend, Sophia; she is a shy girl she dresses very girly and acts sweet and innocent, Sophia is really a very nice girl she has just been bought into the wrong crowd of people. She lives with her Mum and her Step-Dad near Jo's house. Sophia and her Mum have recently been falling out over the fact that Sophia wants to know her real father, her mother is too scared to tell her because Sophia might find out the secret of what really happened and she doesn't know how her new husband (Sophia's Step-Dad) will react, Sophia only wants to know a few things about him, she doesn't see the problem she just wants too know, What he looked like, his name and most importantly weather or not he is still alive, She is a very curious character and is quite easily pushed into things, Sophia is almost a complete opposite of My character. The character I play is Jo, a girl with a few problems (although she doesn't like to admit it) She dresses in a gothic style and doesn't care what people think or say about her, she doesn't care about other peoples feelings just as long as she gets what she wants and she would never do anything for anyone else if she doesn't see what she can get out of it. She is definitely a character that most people would call a bully. The people she hangs around with are outcasts like herself, they have been disowned by their old friends because things like the way they look, act or their insecurity problems, all they really have friend wise now is each other. Although Jo tries to hide it she really loves the super natural but because of her gothic style she hides her emotions (Well except her sarcasm) My friend Nina played the part of Lavender another of Jo's out-casted friends; she is more ‘down to earth' and mellow, she dresses like a hippy but also like Jo loves the super natural but unlike Jo she does hide it; she studies it, she studies a lot of what she is into and is dying to know what has been covered up in the small village they live in (if anything at all) Lavender is the one who brings the ouiga board to school and catches Jo's attention with it. Lavenders mother doesn't mind at all about her looking and studing things like that as long as she doesn't try them inside the house that is what brings it all to Jo's house because no way would Sophia even touch the thing let alone let it into the house and that is one thing she was not going to be pushed into. Zoe played the part of police woman and the mother to all three girls, she didn't want a main part and we did not give her one because she is away a lot of the time from lessons which is the only time we would get to rehearse it. I choose the people I did to work with because I know them well and they are my friends, I knew they would have very good ideas to contribute to the play and I know how very talented they are at acting I knew that whatever the part maybe that they would be capable of reaching out and helping me construct the play from every tiniest detail of reactions and facial expressions, the people I choose to work with encouraged me and each other when we need help, we helped with constructive criticism and by being not only actresses but directors as well. The play was about a young girl named Jo who was found at the wasteland near her home, we made up a play showing how she got to that stage and what happened afterwards, In the first scene Jo's friend Sophia is arguing with her mother about the whereabouts of her real father, when the scene changes to school we see the first appearance of Jo and her friend Lavender, Lavender is reading a book and Jo is looking impatient, they talk about the whereabouts of Sophia until she turns up at which the subject is changed to ouiga boards and they all end up agreeing to meet up at 6 at Jo's house. Then comes another scene between Sophia and her mother, her mother is about to tell her something but then her Step-Dad walks in the house and her mother stops. The scene changes to Jo's room where they attempt the ouiga board only to conjure up a spirit which possess Jo to tear all her posters down smash her mirror and write on the wall in her own blood she then stumbles to the waste ground where the taunting screams of ghosts make her faint. The scene at school Jo comes in late her friends are scared of her by the way she acted and ask her why her mum let her to school where she explains she blamed it on them, Sophia refuses to use the board again while as Lavender is pushed into it, Lavender then goes on to ask her mother about what happened to her friend, her mum tells her that her friend has been possessed and Sophia mother finally tells her of her father, his name, his looks and the fact that he is no longer alive. Lavender and Jo are about to use the ouiga board again when Sophia walks in, the spirit in Jo awakens again and everyone figures out that the spirit is Sophia's Father, Sophia shoots Jo in the arm causing her to collapse in pain, there is then scenes of the after effects. The scene where Jo is put into the â€Å"special care† unit the police take Sophia away, Lavender is put under a protection unit where she is given a new name address and identity, and then as a last scene they show Sophia what she has meant to have done to her friend where Jo is talking to herself and going crazy locked up in a padded cell. My character is quite lazy and doesn't seem bothered by those around her, she slumps in her chair in the 1sst scene and in the second scene you see her she's sitting on her bed grumpily, the expressions show that she tries to maintain a high authority, the voice and accent she speaks in is quite nasty but isn't really an accent there and if there is id have to say it is a London accent. The way my character moves, when u do see her walking you can tell that she doesn't really like what she is doing and she shuffles her feet, she is not a very active person and remains in a grumpy, sad mood through out the whole play except when she is possessed when she becomes psycho and angry and her expressions tell the other people in the play that she doesn't like them and she gives them evils. As time went on while I was practising my piece I came more familiar with my character, I found out that the more she looked like she didn't worry about anything the more she seemed it and the more she acted it, people commented that when I was in my part and dressed up as my character I seemed like I was actually gothic and the way I acted was as if a real gothic person would act and that the comments I made where really sarcastic, In my final performance we performed it quite well but not as well as it could have been, we made some changes at the end to try and make it better but it ended up because we didn't have enough time to practise this part, it all went wrong. What we tried doing was too add a music scene at the end with all the end consequences mimed and only turning the music down at one point to hear what the police officers are saying to Lavender. The idea of our piece at first to me was to pass a drama exam but as time went on I realised that our play could be actually passing on a message to the audience, the message to me that was being passed onto the audience was that things are not always easy and that people need to work things out and that playing with ouiga boards is not a game but is a serious business that can have very serious effects. I think my character displayed an attitude of soloism amongst her friends I think the audience realised that she gained the respect and that all the events seemed to revolve around her house and that it was her friends that she dragged into it and that if it wasn't for her none of the events would have happened. Overall I was happy with the play that we performed, I felt my character role was important to the piece and I felt that I played this role well, my friends in my group encouraged me when I needed it and gave me constructive criticism when I needed it, I felt like I have learnt a lot about how bad life can get from this play, I have learnt that even though peoples lives might look cheerful inside they might be hurting more then anyone else. I have also learnt more dramatic skills and feel that these will help me in the future for when I perform other roles. I have learnt that in a play the characters mood at the beginning is how the audience interprets them through out the entire play. I am really happy with the play e have produced and hope that my future performances will be just as good or better.

American Football and High School

ballFootball is life. football change everything. i started playing football when i was eleven years old. but before that, my father want me to play basketball. it was not nice playing basketball for me because i do not fit on these game. Here comes football which was introduce to me by may childhood friend. we always play a small sided game in our village and then i found out that i was good on it. so i trained to play football. i have been playing football for six and a half years and now, i am in college. ut football here in the Philippines is not well organize and they do not recognize it. i do not want to end my career as a football player and i do not want to end my career as a football player with no good things happened. my dream, is to go to a country that organize football and to be a professional football player like the the young super star Cristiano Ronaldo and the like. God gave me a gift to play football and the skill to play football so i am going to use it to work an d train hard to make may dreams come true.My family can not afford to send me abroud to play football or to enroll me in to a football school. so i am just hoping that miracle could happen and a school or somebody would conact me and offer me a full scholarship or to sponsor me in to a football school . My contact number is09065885273  or you can email me at  [email  protected] com if you know someone who could help me please tell them about my situation and contact me. Becoming a professional football player is a dream of many young men around the country.While many dream of the opportunity only a few get to make it a reality. If you're serious about being a football player and think you have what it takes, keep reading. To become a professional football player, you'll not only need be very good at playing football, but also to think strategically and make the best use of your talent. There are things you can do in both high school and college to boost your chances of being a ble to join a league, including developing your skills, knowing how to perform for scouts, and choosing the right school for your skill level.You may want to consider putting together a press kit to send out to college and league recruiters. If you're having trouble getting schools or leagues interested in you, you might want to work with a  sports agent  as well. If you can't get into the  National Football League  (NFL) or United Football League (UFL) immediately, then it's important to try to keep playing in another one, like the Canadian Football League (CFL) or  Arena Football  League (AFL); or a semiprofessional league. Pre-College Experience While you're in high school, it's essential to develop your physical skills and play as much as possible.Most college football players are scouted from high school teams, and getting a scholarship to play football is seen as a good indicator of talent. You can also join local football leagues and camps to help develop yourself physically and build your sports resume. Make sure to find out what scouts in your area or college of choice are looking for — common criteria include  agility, jump height, the amount of weight you can bench press, and your 40 yard dash time. If possible, try to make highlight videos of yourself to send to  coaches  and schools, and attend any college football camps that you can.You should also start considering which colleges you want to go to while you still have a few years of high school left. Most professional leagues tend to recruit from bigger schools, but if you think you'll be in over your head or won't get any playing time, then look at smaller schools where you know you can excel. If you do end up needing to go to a smaller college, then try to choose one that's near a bigger college that gets a lot of scouts, as recruiters will be more likely to visit your school if they're already in the area.You can start looking for open tryouts at this time. Though mos t college football teams send personal invitations before allowing players to try out, some hold open tryouts for anyone interested. You can check out the teams’ official websites to keep updated on any information, such as the dates, venues, and other requirements and documents needed for enlistment. If you start getting a lot of media buzz or interest from colleges, you should make sure you understand the recruiting process in your country.In the US, college football recruiting is done under the National Collegiate Athletic Association's (NCAA) guidelines, which include regulations on the ways, times, and frequency with which college recruiters can contact players. They also detail the legal aspects of National Letters of Intent (NLI), which is a legally binding agreement in which a high school student agrees to play for a specific college for at least one year. If you don't get any invitations or scholarship offers, then you can try to go to a school that plays in a lower division and work your way up, or you can try to join a ollege team as a walk on. College Experience Once you're in college playing for a team, you should continue to hone your physical skills. Look for players on professional teams who are in the position you want to play, and try to get to the point where you can match their playing statistics. You should develop your sense of teamwork and character as well, as this is an important aspect to many league scouts. It's important to have a good relationship with your coach too, since many coaches know scouts and having a good recommendation from them can make a big difference in whether you get chosen or not.Similarly to when you were in high school, try to play as much as you can and generate media buzz, especially if you're from a smaller school or one that plays in a lower division. If a scout does visit your school, it's crucial that you are on your best behavior before, during, and after practice. Besides the physical aspects, sc outs look for things like how you treat your teammates, what your relationship with your coach is like, how energetic you are during warm ups, and whether or not you have a good attitude. If you get scouting feedback that's negative, use it as an opportunity to improve.You should start thinking about what league you want to join, and educate yourself about their recruiting process and what specific things they look for in players. Though many college players hope to be drafted by the National Football League (NFL), if that doesn't happen immediately you shouldn't give up. Keep playing for any league you can so that you can keep yourself in top shape and you won't have gaps in your playing experience. Press Kit Whether you're in high school or in college, you can often benefit by having a resume or press kit that you can send to teams you want to play for.Your resume should include your basic information, the position you play for, and your accomplishments as a football player. A pre ss kit, on the other hand, can include copies of articles where you or your team had been previously mentioned, photographs, and even a CD that contains a video of some of your best performances on the field. All these will help you stand out among other candidates and increase your chances of becoming a professional football player. It is important that you follow up on your submissions by calling or sending e-mails, to express your sincerity and to keep track of our application status. Working with an Agent You may also want to find your own sports agent who will help establish your career as a professional football player. An agent often has connections with football teams and can represent and endorse you as a competent and valuable player. He or she keeps your best interest at heart by being involved in contract and  salary  negotiations, finance management, and even in monitoring your practice schedules. In this way, you can focus on honing your football skills without hav ing to worry much about the legal and financial issues that come with being a professional athlete.How to Become a Professional Football Player Answer This Question Report as Glamorousbulb:1 year ago Join your high school football team. The road to football stardom usually begins in high school. Scouts regularly check standout high school seniors, and performing well in high school is what leads to a college scholarship. Then, know and understand the game. You can't hope to be a professional football player if you don't understand how the game works from all sides. It's not just important for you to know your position, but all the positions on the field and how they work together to create the game. Next, practice.Become the best at whatever your position is. There are thousands of boys around the country who are vying for the same opportunity so the more you practice the better your chances of being a standout at your position. Also, land a scholarship to a D-1 school. If you follo w Steps 1 through 3 then you will position yourself to get that all-important scholarship. If you don't get a scholarship, attend a D-1 university and walk onto the team. This makes it a lot harder to become a professional football player but your chances will be better than sitting at home uneducated. Become a standout on your college team.However you make it onto the team you want to make sure you're one of the star players of that team. This means applying Steps 2 and 3 to your college career. Get an invite to the Combine and impress the scouts. If you've been a standout on the college team and garnered some All-American honors you may be asked to the Combine. This is your chance to impress the scouts who are responsible for drafting for the pro teams. While not getting invited doesn't mean you won't be in the NFL, it definitely increases your chances. Lastly, sit back and wait to be drafted. Your dream of being a professional football player is around the corner.

Accounting a Level A2 Specimen Paper

Corporate and management accounting Specimen Paper First examination May 2005 Time: 3 hours Materials required for examination Answer Book (AB16) Items included with question papers Accounting paper (AB34) (6 sheets per candidate) Instructions to Candidates Answer FIVE questions, choose TWO from Section A and THREE from Section B. In the boxes on the answer book, write the name of the examining body (London Examinations), your centre number, candidate number, the subject title (Accounting), the paper reference (9011), your surname and signature. Answer your questions in the answer book. Make sure your answers to parts of questions are clearly numbered. Use additional answer sheets if necessary. If the accounting paper provided does not allow you to set out your answer in the way you wish, rule up a page of the answer book to suit your requirements. Information for Candidates The total mark for this paper is 100. The marks for parts of questions are shown in round brackets: e. g. (2). This paper has 7 questions. Calculators may be used. Advice to Candidates Write your answers neatly and in good English. This publication may only be reproduced in accordance with London Qualifications copyright policy.  © 2005 Revised GCE Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level Accounting 8011/9011 – Specimen Papers and Mark Schemes 23 SECTION A Answer TWO questions from this section 1. The balance sheets of Limsol Ltd as at 31 October 2003 and 31 October 2002 were as follows: 31October 2003 Fixed assets (Net) Current assets Stock Debtors Bank ? 127 500 79 500 27 000 234 000 Creditors: due within one year Creditors Proposed dividends 117 000 37 500 154 500 79 500 979 500 78 000 30 000 108 000 177 000 897 000 ? 33 500 102 000 49 500 285 000 ? 900 000 31October 2002 ? 720 000 Creditors: due after one year 10% Debentures 195 000 784 500 90 000 807 000 Issued share capital 750 000 ordinary shares of ? 1 each Reserves Share premium General reserve Profit and loss 750 000 7 500 27 000 784 500 600 000 150 000 57 000 807 000 24======================Revised GCE Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level Ac counting 8011/9011 – Specimen Papers and Mark Schemes Additional Information: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) During the year ended 31 October 2003, fixed assets with a net book value of ? 0 000 were sold for ? 37 500 and fixed assets costing ? 300 000 were purchased. An issue of one bonus share for every four shares held was made on 30 June 2003. To improve the working capital position the directors sanctioned a further issue of debentures on 1 November 2002. An interim dividend of ? 15 000 was paid on 31 May 2003. Required: (a) Prepare a statement reconciling operating profit to net cash inflow or outflow from operations. (13) Prepare a cash flow statement for Limsol Ltd for the year ended 31 October 2003 in accordance with the requirements of FRS 1. 9) â€Å"The management of cash flow is more important than profitability to ensure the survival of a business†. Explain this statement. (4) (Total 26 marks) (b) (c) Revised GCE Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level Accounting 8011/9011 – Specimen Paper s and Mark Schemes 25 2. The balance sheets of Rumba Ltd and Samba Ltd at 31 July 2003 were as follows: Rumba Ltd ? 240 000 93 750 333 750 29 625 31 050 28 950 89 625 50 250 39 375 373 125 225 000 27 000 121 125 373125 Samba Ltd ? 144 000 37 050 181 050 15 675 14 280 7 455 37 410 43 680 (6 270) 174 780 135 000 39 780 174 780 Fixed assets Premises at cost Vehicles at net book value Machinery at net book value Current asssets Stock Debtors Bank Current liabilities Creditors Working capital Financed by: Ordinary shares of ? 1 each Share Premium Profit Loss On 1 August 2003 Combo Ltd was formed, with an authorised capital of 750 000 ordinary shares of ? 1 each, to take over the assets and liabilities of both companies at book value with the exception of: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) The premises of Rumba Ltd were revalued at ? 300 000, and Samba Ltd at ? 180 000. The purchase consideration was settled by issuing to the shareholders of Rumba Ltd and Samba Ltd ordinary shares in Combo Ltd at ? 1. 50 each. Required: (a) Calculate the purchase consideration and the number of shares issued by Combo Ltd. (11) (b) Journal entries to close the books of Rumba Ltd. (Narrations are not required). An extract from the balance sheet of Combo Ltd at 1 August 2003 to show the share capital and reserves. (4) (Total 26 marks) (11) (c) Revised GCE Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level Accounting 8011/9011 – Specimen Papers and Mark Schemes 7 3. The directors of Kaslan Ltd are considering investing in one of two machines to increase production capacity. The details are as follows: Machine Y ? 300 000 120 000 140 000 60 000 30 000 Machine Z ? 300 000 45 000 75 000 180 000 135 000 Capital cost Estimated net profit: Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 The estimated profit is calculated after deducting straight-line depreciation. Both machines will have a life of fo ur years and an estimated scrap value of ? 60 000. The cost of capital is 15%. Present value of ? 1 Year 1 2 3 Q 15% 0. 870 0. 756 0. 658 0. 572 All costs and revenues occur at the end of each year. Required: (a) Calculate, for both machines, the: (i) cash flows (6) (ii) pay back period (4) (iii) net present values. (8) 28======================Revised GCE Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level Accounting 8011/9011 – Specimen Papers and Mark Schemes (b) Using your answer to (a), state with reasons, which machine you would recommend the directors of Kaslan Ltd to purchase. (5) The accounting rate of return method of investment appraisal has one advantage, it is simple to calculate. State three disadvantages. 3) (Total 26 marks) (c) Revised GCE Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level Accounting 8011/9011 – Specimen Papers and Mark Schemes 29 SECTION B Answer THREE questions from this section 4. Dynamic Ltd has an authorised capital of 100 000 ordinary shares of ? 1 each which had been issued in full. In accordance with the required procedures the authorised capital was increased to 200 000 shares. The directors deci ded to issue to the public a further 75 000 shares as follows: ? 0. 30 0. 70 0. 50 Application Allotment (Including premium) First and Final Call Applications were received for 112 500 shares. Applications for 15 000 shares were rejected and the monies refunded. The 75 000 shares were alloted on a pro-rata basis, the surplus application money was applied to the amount due on allotment. The total due on allotment was received in full. The amount due on the first and final call was also received in full. Required: (a) Show the ledger accounts to record the above transactions. (A bank account is not required). (10) Give three advantages to a company and its shareholders of making a rights issue. (6) (Total 16 marks) (b) 0======================Revised GCE Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level Accounting 8011/9011 – Specimen Papers and Mark Schemes 5. Patel Ltd manufactures three products, X, Y and Z.  · The standard time for each unit produced is: X Y Z  · 12 hours 9 hours 16 hours Labour details: Actual direct labour hours worked 9 251. Standard hourly rate of pay ? 6. Actual wages ? 55 320.  · During August the act ual output was: X Y Z 320 units 260 units 180 units Required: (a) (b) Calculate the standard hours of actual output. (2) Calculate the following variances: (i) (ii) (iii) (c) Total direct labour variance.